When peers work cooperatively to practice writing letters, words, and eventually longer sentences, their Foundational Writing Skills, including spelling and writing quality, improve.

Students activate more cognitive processes by exploring and representing their understandings in visual form.

Daily review strengthens previous learning and can lead to fluent recall.

With this interactive technique, teachers help students become storytellers by listening and questioning.

When teachers provide explicit instruction in comprehension strategies and model when to use them, students learn how to flexibly apply them to make meaning of texts.

As students are learning to read, they benefit from explicit, systematic phonics instruction.

Seeing and using new words repeatedly and in many contexts is critical for Vocabulary acquisition.

When students explain their thinking process aloud, they recognize the strategies they use and solidify their understanding.

Explicit spelling instruction helps to improve not only students' spelling, a key part of Foundational Writing Skills, but also supports reading skills development.

Games help students visualize new information and immerse themselves in the learning process.

Adding motions to complement learning activates more cognitive processes for recall and understanding.

Visualizing how ideas fit together helps students construct meaning and strengthen recall.

In guided inquiry, teachers help students use their own language for constructing knowledge by active listening and questioning.

Spending time on literacy practices with assistance from a teacher helps to move new content, concepts, and ideas into Long-term Memory.

Practicing until achieving several error-free attempts is critical for retention.

As students work with and process information by discussing, organizing, and sharing it together, they deepen their understanding.

Rhyming, alliteration, and other sound devices reinforce language development by activating the mental processes that promote memory.

Literacy centers with reading games, manipulatives, and activities support learner interests and promote the development of more complex reading skills and social interactions.

Providing physical representations of concepts helps activate mental processes.

By talking through their thinking at each step of a process, teachers can model what learning looks like.

Instruction in multiple formats allows students to activate different cognitive skills to understand and remember the steps they are to take in their reading work.

A parent evening meeting about how to support literacy at home with one follow-up meeting with each family has shown strong results for students' reading development.

Reading aloud allows students to hear and practice reading and fluency skills.

Visuals help students recognize relationships within words and sentences to develop reading skills.

Reading aloud regularly exposes students to new and familiar vocabulary and texts.

Reading aloud books about skills children are learning provides another model for their development.

When students explain to others, they deepen their understanding and gain confidence in their learning.

Providing tools so learners can choose to listen to a text supports individual strengths and needs.

Students develop reading skills by listening to and speaking with others in informal ways.

Having students verbally repeat information such as instructions ensures they have heard and supports remembering.

Visual supports, like text magnification, colored overlays, and guided reading strips, help students focus and properly track as they read.

Web-based dictionaries and thesauruses can serve as visual and audio resources for students to expand their Vocabulary knowledge.

Word sorts are multisensory activities that help learners identify patterns and group words based on different categories.